#039 - what is testosterone and why could it be low

Testosterone is a steroid hormone and plays an important role in human growth, development and multi-system physiological regulation. While it is most abundant in men, testosterone is present in all sexes. Testosterone levels vary depending on age and are tightly regulated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis.

The primary roles of testosterone include:

-Formation and maturation of male reproductive organs and for sperm production.

-Promotion of protein synthesis, contributing to muscle mass and strength and bone formation by stimulating bone growth and reducing bone break down, helping to maintain skeletal integrity.

-Influences fat distribution and glucose metabolism.

-Affects brain function and has been linked to mood regulation, motivation, cognitive performance and emotional well-being.

Symptoms of low testosterone

• Persistent fatigue and reduced energy

• Decreased muscle mass and strength

• Increased body fat

• Reduced bone density and increased risk of fractures

• Mood changes which can result in depression or poor motivation

• Delayed or incomplete pubertal development in adolescents

• Low libido and poor erections

• Sleep problems

• Hair loss

Causes of low testosterone

• Genetic or congenital conditions

• Chronic illness, including obesity

• Hypothalamic, pituitary or testicular issues

• Poor diet, including excess alcohol

• Excessive physical or psychological stress

• Poor sleep

• Certain medications

• Age-related hormonal changes

• Smoking

Treatment of low testosterone

The treatment of low testosterone depends on the underlying cause and must be guided by a doctor. A diagnosis of low testosterone requires both symptoms and consistently low hormone levels confirmed through blood testing. Self-diagnosis or unsupervised hormone use is strongly discouraged due to the potential for serious adverse effects.

Lifestyle Interventions:

In the absence of a pathological cause, non-pharmacological approaches are often the first step and include improving sleep quality, good nutrition, stress management and engaging in regular physical activity.

Medical Management:

When indicated, exogenous testosterone therapy may be prescribed either via injections or via gels, patches or implants. This approach requires careful consideration and work up by your GP and endocrinologist as exogenous hormones can interfere with natural development and long-term hormonal regulation and function.

Dr Jack Maynard - Medical